José Mujica, Uruguay’s Humble Revolutionary President, Dies at 89
May 15, 2025
José “Pepe” Mujica, the former guerrilla fighter turned president of Uruguay, passed away on May 13, 2025, at the age of 89. Renowned globally for his austere lifestyle, progressive reforms, and unwavering commitment to social justice, Mujica's death marks the end of an era for Uruguay and the broader Latin American left.
From Guerrilla to President
Born in 1935, Mujica's early life was marked by political activism. In the 1960s, he joined the Tupamaros, a Marxist guerrilla group opposing Uruguay's authoritarian regime. Captured multiple times, Mujica endured nearly 15 years in prison, including extensive periods in solitary confinement. Following his release in 1985, he transitioned into politics, eventually serving as Minister of Agriculture and later as a senator.
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In 2010, Mujica was elected President of Uruguay, serving until 2015. His presidency was characterized by groundbreaking social reforms, including the legalization of same-sex marriage, abortion rights, and the regulation of marijuana sales—making Uruguay a pioneer in progressive legislation.
A Life of Simplicity and Integrity
Mujica's personal lifestyle garnered international admiration. Eschewing the presidential palace, he chose to live on his modest farm on the outskirts of Montevideo with his wife, Lucía Topolansky. He famously donated around 90% of his presidential salary to charitable causes and was often seen driving his old Volkswagen Beetle. His humility and authenticity earned him the moniker "the world's poorest president," a title he modestly dismissed, emphasizing that true poverty is a result of insatiable material desires.
Final Days and Legacy
Diagnosed with esophageal cancer in 2024, Mujica publicly announced in January 2025 that the disease had spread to his liver and that he would forego further treatment. He passed away peacefully at his farmhouse, surrounded by loved ones.
His death prompted an outpouring of grief and tributes from around the world. Uruguayan President Yamandú Orsi declared three days of national mourning, stating, "Thank you for everything you gave us and for your deep love for your people." Leaders from across Latin America, including Brazil's Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Chile's Gabriel Boric, lauded Mujica's unwavering dedication to democracy and social equity.
Mujica's funeral procession in Montevideo drew thousands of mourners. His flag-draped coffin was transported through the city's streets, accompanied by chants of "El pueblo está contigo" ("The people are with you"). He was cremated and laid to rest near his beloved home, as per his wishes.
A Global Symbol of Ethical Leadership
José Mujica's life story—from guerrilla warfare to the presidency—serves as a testament to resilience, humility, and principled leadership. His commitment to living simply and governing with integrity has left an indelible mark on global politics, inspiring countless individuals to prioritize compassion and justice over personal gain.
As the world reflects on his legacy, Mujica's words resonate profoundly: "I’m not the poorest president. Poor are those who need too much. Because those who need too much are never satisfied."